Study examines performance of skilled nursing care residents with cognitive difficulties

After a hospital stay, many older adults will be discharged to a skilled nursing facility to recover. The goal of this type of short-term nursing care is to help patients regain their ability to function and perform their daily activities to the best of their ability so they can return home, if possible. Study examines performance of skilled nursing care residents with cognitive difficulties

Childbirth delivery mode linked with woman’s risk of developing pelvic floor disorders

Research completed at Johns Hopkins and the Greater Baltimore Medical Center has demonstrated that vaginal childbirth substantially increases the probability a woman will develop a pelvic floor disorder later in life. Childbirth delivery mode linked with woman’s risk of developing pelvic floor disorders

Study: Drug reduces hot flash frequency, improves quality of life in breast cancer survivors

Research led by oncologists Roberto Leon-Ferre, M.D. and Charles Loprinzi, M.D. of Mayo Clinic has found that the drug oxybutynin helps to reduce the frequency and intensity of hot flashes in women who are unable to take hormone replacement therapy, including breast cancer survivors. Study: Drug reduces hot flash frequency, improves quality of life in breast cancer survivors

Funding

Hey folks.

As you may know, ADISC is funded by member donations. We don't run ads, and we don't try to get you to buy anything.

Running ADISC isn't cheap. Our dedicated server alone costs $99 per month, almost $1,200 per year, and that's just the server. That doesn't include domain services, software licenses, PayPal fees, etc we have to pay as well.

Recently, I have been working on setting up new (cheaper) hosting for us. In the meantime, though, we still need to pay for the hosting we have until I can get us moved to a new platform.

As I write this, we we have raised approximately $735 of our $1,332 budget for the year of 2018.

That means we need to raise approximately $600 in the next 40 days if we are to meet our operating costs this year.

If you have the funds to spare, please donate. I would appreciate it. To do so, first log in, then use the donation link.

Funding

Study uses gold nanoparticles to remove prostate cancer cells

A small clinical trial using gold nanoparticles that act as tumor-seeking missiles on a mission to remove prostate cancer has begun at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth). It is the first trial of its kind in the world. Study uses gold nanoparticles to remove prostate cancer cells

Men with early prostate cancer choose lower survival odds to improve quality of life

Men who have been newly diagnosed with prostate cancer say they would trade some improvement in their odds of survival for improvements in side effects and quality of life, according to research presented at the 2018 NCRI Cancer Conference. Men with early prostate cancer choose lower survival odds to improve quality of life

New study suggests vaginal laser surgery may be effective for treating menopause symptoms

Microablative fractional CO2 lasers are energy-based devices designed to help manage troublesome menopause symptoms such as painful sex, dryness, itching/burning, urinary frequency, and incontinence. New study suggests vaginal laser surgery may be effective for treating menopause symptoms

PolyU develops multi-function nighttime monitoring system for elderly with dementia

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has developed eNightLog, a multi-function nighttime monitoring system for elderly with dementia, to track their respiration and activities in bed for preventing fall or wandering away. PolyU develops multi-function nighttime monitoring system for elderly with dementia

Prostatectomy plus radiotherapy associated with greater survival in prostate cancer patients

High-risk prostate cancer, that which has continued to grow but not yet metastasized, is commonly treated with combination therapies. Each method has pros and cons, but there is little clarity whether one might be more effective than the other. Prostatectomy plus radiotherapy associated with greater survival in prostate cancer patients

NeoTract presents new clinical data from studies of UroLift System for patients with BPH

NeoTract, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teleflex Incorporated focused on addressing unmet needs in the field of urology, today announced the presentation of new clinical data at the World Congress of Endourology 2018 Annual Conference from two U.K. studies of the company's novel UroLift System for patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. NeoTract presents new clinical data from studies of UroLift System for patients with BPH

Study: Optimizing dopaminergic treatment improves non-motor symptoms and quality of life

Non-motor symptoms are common in late-stage Parkinson's disease as the frequency and severity of most of these symptoms increase with advancing disease. Optimizing dopaminergic treatment in the most severe stages can affect non-motor symptoms and improve quality of life, report scientists in the Journal of Parkinson's Disease. Study: Optimizing dopaminergic treatment improves non-motor symptoms and quality of life

Public awareness of urological conditions found to be alarmingly low across Europe

Public awareness of urological conditions is alarmingly low throughout Europe. Results of a new international survey of more than 2,500 responders from 5 countries show that women know more about men's health issues than men do, men have poor knowledge of key urological symptoms and don't take early signs of potentially life-threatening urological conditions seriously. Public awareness of urological conditions found to be alarmingly low across Europe

Study: Overweight or obese women may have increased risk of urinary incontinence

Being overweight or obese is linked with an increased risk of developing urinary incontinence for young to mid-aged women, according to an Obesity Reviews analysis of all relevant published studies. Study: Overweight or obese women may have increased risk of urinary incontinence

Biomedical review finds failure rates in some surgical mesh treatments to be unacceptably high

Failure rates in some treatments using surgical mesh are unacceptably high according to a newly published comprehensive biomedical review that considers the findings from peer-reviewed scientific articles assessing its use. Biomedical review finds failure rates in some surgical mesh treatments to be unacceptably high

Medicare incurs more than $1.2 billion over prostate cancer care in older men

Researchers from the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center estimate that screening for and treating prostate cancer in men aged 70 years or older, which is not recommended by national guidelines, cost Medicare more than $1.2 billion over a three year period for each group of men diagnosed in the United States each year. Medicare incurs more than $1.2 billion over prostate cancer care in older men

Assisted living kicks out the frail 'cause ‘we can’t take care of you any longer’

The phone call came as a shock. Your aunt can't transfer into memory care; we have to discharge her from this facility, a nurse told Jeff Regan. You have 30 days to move her out. Assisted living kicks out the frail 'cause ‘we can’t take care of you any longer’

FDA warns consumers and pet owners not to use drug products made by King Bio

The Food and Drug Administration is warning consumers and pet owners not to use drug products, including homeopathic drug products, made by King Bio Inc., Asheville, N.C., and labeled as Dr. King's, as these products may pose a safety risk to people (especially infants, children, pregnant women and those with compromised immune systems), as well as pets due to high levels of microbial contamination identified at the manufacturing site. FDA warns consumers and pet owners not to use drug products made by King Bio

Availability of Elvie Trainer could help reduce NHS annual spend on urinary incontinence

NHS Supply Chain has emphasized the importance of conservative management for stress urinary incontinence, by making available an at-home biofeedback device for pelvic floor muscle training. Availability of Elvie Trainer could help reduce NHS annual spend on urinary incontinence

“Vaginal rejuvenation” procedures and devices unsafe says FDA

According to a warning from the United States Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), devices that are being sold for “vaginal rejuvenation” in women who are suffering from urinary incontinence or menopausal and sexual symptoms, can cause serious harm. “Vaginal rejuvenation” procedures and devices unsafe says FDA

Frailty associated with poor survival rates in young heart patients

Traditionally, frailty is thought to be a syndrome of the elderly - one which comes as a natural and inevitable side-effect of aging, gradually transforming strong, healthy bodies into weaker, more delicate frames over time. Frailty associated with poor survival rates in young heart patients

Careful patient selection may help achieve good outcomes for vaginal mesh surgery

The high number of reported complications from transvaginal repairs for pelvic organ prolapse using vaginal mesh have led to a significant decline in its use, despite its initial promise. Careful patient selection may help achieve good outcomes for vaginal mesh surgery

Support circle: Family caregivers share stories and tips to ease Alzheimer’s toll

Vicki Bartholomew started a support group for wives who are caring for a husband with Alzheimer’s disease because she needed that sort of group herself. Support circle: Family caregivers share stories and tips to ease Alzheimer’s toll

HIFU treatment may be as effective as surgery or radiotherapy to destroy prostate tumors

Using high energy ultrasound beams to destroy prostate cancer tumors may be as effective as surgery or radiotherapy, but with fewer side effects. HIFU treatment may be as effective as surgery or radiotherapy to destroy prostate tumors

Female bladder bacteria found to be similar to microbes in the vagina

Scientists and physicians at Loyola University Chicago and Loyola Medicine were the first to publish groundbreaking research that debunked the common belief that urine in healthy women is sterile. Female bladder bacteria found to be similar to microbes in the vagina

Study: Men tolerate stress urinary incontinence for years before seeking medical help

Men often tolerate stress urinary incontinence for more than two years before seeking medical help - and one-third put up with it for more than five years, making it important for doctors to check for this problem, a new study from UT Southwestern researchers advises. Study: Men tolerate stress urinary incontinence for years before seeking medical help

NeoTract announces results of study measuring costs and patient outcomes of UroLift System

NeoTract, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teleflex Incorporated focused on addressing unmet needs in the field of urology, today announced the results of an independent analysis measuring costs and patient outcomes of the UroLift System compared to transurethral resection of the prostate. NeoTract announces results of study measuring costs and patient outcomes of UroLift System

Synthetic cannabis use may increase risk of heart attack and stroke

The warning follows their treatment of a 25 year old prison inmate who had no family history of heart disease or traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and who was left with a permanent disability. Synthetic cannabis use may increase risk of heart attack and stroke

Experimental drug shows potential to improve bladder function after spinal cord injury

An experimental drug that blocks abnormal neural communication after spinal cord injury could one day be the key to improving quality of life by improving bladder function, new research suggests. Experimental drug shows potential to improve bladder function after spinal cord injury

Study finds reciprocal link between emotional distress and treatment side effects of prostate cancer

A new study published in the Journal of Urology® reports that men with prostate cancer who had worse urinary, bowel, and sexual function after surgery or radiotherapy than others experienced more emotional distress. Interestingly, the reverse was also true as experiencing more distress led to worse function. Study finds reciprocal link between emotional distress and treatment side effects of prostate cancer

Tapatalk Update

I have updated our Tapatalk plugin.
The new version is designed to comply with the new European data privacy law, the GDPR.
The changes are all behind-the-scenes stuff, you should not notice any changes.

Tapatalk Update

Tapatalk Update

I have updated our Tapatalk plugin.
The new version is designed to comply with the new European data privacy law, the GDPR.
The changes are all behind-the-scenes stuff, you should not notice any changes.

Tapatalk Update

New study shows declines in prostate cancer screening, diagnoses and treatment

A new study reveals declines in prostate cancer screening and diagnoses in the United States in recent years, as well as decreases in the use of definitive treatments in men who have been diagnosed. New study shows declines in prostate cancer screening, diagnoses and treatment

AUA recommends use of UroLift System for managing lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to BPH

NeoTract, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teleflex Incorporated focused on addressing unmet needs in the field of urology, today announced that the American Urological Association has recommended the use of the UroLift System as a standard of care treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. AUA recommends use of UroLift System for managing lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to BPH

Research shows link between chronic conditions and urinary incontinence burden in women

New research published in BJU International indicates that women with urinary incontinence often have other chronic conditions. The findings have important implications for prevention and treatment. Research shows link between chronic conditions and urinary incontinence burden in women

Study finds diverse mix of bacteria in the urine of kidney disease patients

The urine of kidney disease patients contains a diverse mix of bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, according to a study by researchers at Loyola Medicine and Loyola University Chicago. Study finds diverse mix of bacteria in the urine of kidney disease patients

Contact precautions do not limit spread of drug-resistant bacteria in ICUs

Contact precautions, used in addition to the standard precautions, the basic level of infection control applied to all patients, did not limit or prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria in non-intensive care unit hospital wards, according to research presented at the 28th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Contact precautions do not limit spread of drug-resistant bacteria in ICUs

Shorter courses of radiotherapy found to be safe, effective for prostate cancer patients

Radiotherapy given in high doses over a shorter period of time is safe and effective for prostate cancer patients, according to research presented at the ESTRO 37 conference today. Shorter courses of radiotherapy found to be safe, effective for prostate cancer patients

Newly expanded program at Rush offers relief from pelvic floor problems

Trouble with urine or bowel control, bladder pain, recurring urinary tract infections, constipation and other sexual function issues frequently can be traced to a dysfunctional pelvic floor -- the layer of muscles that support the bladder and bowel in men, and bladder, bowel and vagina in women. Newly expanded program at Rush offers relief from pelvic floor problems

Researchers study how often healthcare providers prescribe anticholinergics for older adults

Anticholinergics are a class of medications that are often prescribed for allergies, lung disease, and urinary incontinence. They also often can increase health risks for older adults. Researchers study how often healthcare providers prescribe anticholinergics for older adults

Study shows link between urinary incontinence and negative sexual health outcomes

In a new BJU International study, women with urinary incontinence reported declines in sexual activity and arousal over the last year, and they expressed increased concern about their frequency of sexual activity and ability to become sexually aroused. Men with urinary incontinence reported declines in sexual desire, increased erectile and orgasm difficulties, and concern about these sexual functions. Study shows link between urinary incontinence and negative sexual health outcomes

Sponsorship (April Fools!)

As you may remember, we did not meet our donation target last year.
To help ends meet, without annoying everyone with banner ads, I have reached a deal with several companies in our space.

Essentially, sections of the site will be sponsored by companies. An AB clothing vendor will sponsor the AB forum, a diaper manufacturer will sponsor the diaper talk forum, etc. Not every section of the site will have a sponsor, but the big ones will.

Sponsors will be listed under the name of the section they sponsor, along with a link to their site. You will start seeing these sponsor tags as they go live, over the next 48 hours.

If you would like to suggest a sponsor for a section that currently lacks one, please message me.

Thanks!

EDIT: April Fools!

Sponsorship (April Fools!)

Sponsorship (April Fools!)

As you may remember, we did not meet our donation target last year.
To help ends meet, without annoying everyone with banner ads, I have reached a deal with several companies in our space.

Essentially, sections of the site will be sponsored by companies. An AB clothing vendor will sponsor the AB forum, a diaper manufacturer will sponsor the diaper talk forum, etc. Not every section of the site will have a sponsor, but the big ones will.

Sponsors will be listed under the name of the section they sponsor, along with a link to their site. You will start seeing these sponsor tags as they go live, over the next 48 hours.

If you would like to suggest a sponsor for a section that currently lacks one, please message me.

Thanks!

EDIT: April Fools!

Sponsorship (April Fools!)

Sponsorship

As you may remember, we did not meet our donation target last year.
To help ends meet, without annoying everyone with banner ads, I have reached a deal with several companies in our space.

Essentially, sections of the site will be sponsored by companies. An AB clothing vendor will sponsor the AB forum, a diaper manufacturer will sponsor the diaper talk forum, etc. Not every section of the site will have a sponsor, but the big ones will.

Sponsors will be listed under the name of the section they sponsor, along with a link to their site. You will start seeing these sponsor tags as they go live, over the next 48 hours.

If you would like to suggest a sponsor for a section that currently lacks one, please message me.

Thanks!

Sponsorship

Sponsorship

As you may remember, we did not meet our donation target last year.
To help ends meet, without annoying everyone with banner ads, I have reached a deal with several companies in our space.

Essentially, sections of the site will be sponsored by companies. An AB clothing vendor will sponsor the AB forum, a diaper manufacturer will sponsor the diaper talk forum, etc. Not every section of the site will have a sponsor, but the big ones will.

Sponsors will be listed under the name of the section they sponsor, along with a link to their site. You will start seeing these sponsor tags as they go live, over the next 48 hours.

If you would like to suggest a sponsor for a section that currently lacks one, please message me.

Thanks!

Sponsorship

As Trump targets immigrants, elderly brace to lose caregivers

After back-to-back, eight-hour shifts at a chiropractor’s office and a rehab center, Nirva arrived outside an elderly woman’s house just in time to help her up the front steps. As Trump targets immigrants, elderly brace to lose caregivers

PSA screening for prostate cancer is not effective, report researchers

According to a new study, the one-off PSA screening test for prostate cancer does not save lives of asymptomatic men. PSA screening for prostate cancer is not effective, report researchers

Study suggests risk factors that contribute to urgency urinary incontinence

In a large representative British population of individuals in their late 60s, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 15% in men and 54% in women. In the BJU International analysis, urgency urinary incontinence was the most common subtype in men, while there were similar proportions of UUI and stress urinary incontinence in women. Study suggests risk factors that contribute to urgency urinary incontinence

2018 Awards Nominations

For more details, see: here (note: only for Established Contributors and higher).

2018 Awards Nominations

2018 Awards Nominations

For more details, see: here (note: only for Established Contributors and higher).

2018 Awards Nominations

Study suggests there are health benefits for the ‘tummy tuck’

A new study has found that abdominoplasty with muscle repair may reduce urinary incontinence and back pain in women following childbirth. Study suggests there are health benefits for the ‘tummy tuck’

Announcing: Advanced Diaper Reviews

In 2013, we first created the ADISC standardized diaper review format with a goal of creating a library of diaper reviews that had objective data and could be meaningfully compared to each other. 5 years later, I'm proud to and excited to announce a big step forward: ADISC is again raising the game on diaper reviews with what we've chosen to call "Advanced Diaper Reviews".

For this project, I reworked our testing protocol to generate far more robust data. Under our new protocol, our capacity testing data both includes more replicates of our previous quantitative test and adds a new and improved test – going forward, we will test all diapers with a new saline dosing test which borrows ideas from an existing industry test and yields more realistic real-world numbers. Using this new testing protocol, I've spent the past couple of months testing and re-testing nearly every ABDL diaper on the US market.

So, what does this mean in terms of releasing content?

(1) Today, we're releasing the summary data for the entire initial panel of ABDL diapers for this project, which you can read here. I think you're really going to want to read this because it includes charts like this:



(2) Over roughly the next 2 weeks, we'll be releasing one diaper review every day, in count-up order from least to most cost-efficient in the testing panel. Since we combine reviews for diapers that are the same except for print and a few Rearz and ABU products have different prints at different price points, this works out to 15 reviews. Half of these will be completely new, and half will be upgraded versions of previous reviews with our expanded testing results and other updates.

This means that our review of LittleForBig Little Trunks is being released today, which you can read here, and we'll finish with the release of our new Thrust Vector Crinklz review 15 days from now.

(3) After we finish releasing these reviews, stay tuned! There are a lot of diapers already announced for sale in the next few months.

I'm looking forward to getting my paws on PeekABU for a review very soon, and several other manufacturers including Tykables and Diaper Connoisseur have announced products for release in the next few months. There are also plans in the works to do a round-up of premium medical diapers and review any ABDL diapers readily available in the US that didn't make it into this January panel.

Announcing: Advanced Diaper Reviews

Announcing: Advanced Diaper Reviews

In 2013, we first created the ADISC standardized diaper review format with a goal of creating a library of diaper reviews that had objective data and could be meaningfully compared to each other. 5 years later, I'm proud to and excited to announce a big step forward: ADISC is again raising the game on diaper reviews with what we've chosen to call "Advanced Diaper Reviews".

For this project, I reworked our testing protocol to generate far more robust data. Under our new protocol, our capacity testing data both includes more replicates of our previous quantitative test and adds a new and improved test – going forward, we will test all diapers with a new saline dosing test which borrows ideas from an existing industry test and yields more realistic real-world numbers. Using this new testing protocol, I've spent the past couple of months testing and re-testing nearly every ABDL diaper on the US market.

So, what does this mean in terms of releasing content?

(1) Today, we're releasing the summary data for the entire initial panel of ABDL diapers for this project, which you can read here. I think you're really going to want to read this because it includes charts like this:



(2) Over roughly the next 2 weeks, we'll be releasing one diaper review every day, in count-up order from least to most cost-efficient in the testing panel. Since we combine reviews for diapers that are the same except for print and a few Rearz and ABU products have different prints at different price points, this works out to 15 reviews. Half of these will be completely new, and half will be upgraded versions of previous reviews with our expanded testing results and other updates.

This means that our review of LittleForBig Little Trunks is being released today, which you can read here, and we'll finish with the release of our new Thrust Vector Crinklz review 15 days from now.

(3) After we finish releasing these reviews, stay tuned! There are a lot of diapers already announced for sale in the next few months.

I'm looking forward to getting my paws on PeekABU for a review very soon, and several other manufacturers including Tykables and Diaper Connoisseur have announced products for release in the next few months. There are also plans in the works to do a round-up of premium medical diapers and review any ABDL diapers readily available in the US that didn't make it into this January panel.

Announcing: Advanced Diaper Reviews

OXYGEN Gas [Gilmore Liquid Air Company]

OXYGEN REFRIGERATED LIQUID USP UN1073  CONTENTS_________ LITERS  ALWAYS KEEP CONTAINER IN UPRIGHT POSITION.  WARNING: DO NOT CHANGE OR FORCE FIT CONNECTIONS.  EXTREMELY COLD LIQUID AND GAS UNDER PRESSURE.  VIGOROUSLY ACCELERATES COMBUSTION.  NO SMOKING IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN OR A FIRE MAY RESULT.  COMBUSTIBLES IN CONTACT WITH LIQUID OXYGEN MAY EXPLODE ON IGNITION OR IMPACT.  CAN CAUSE SEVERE FROSTBITE.  KEEP OIL, GREASE AND COMBUSTIBLES AWAY.  USE ONLY WITH EQUIPMENT CLEANED FOR OXYGEN SERVICE.  STORE AND USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION.  DO NOT GET LIQUID IN EYES, ON SKIN OR CLOTHING.  FOR LIQUID WITHDRAWAL, WEAR FACE SHIELD AND GLOVES.  DO NOT DROP.  USE SUITABLE HAND TRUCK FOR CONTAINER MOVEMENT.  AVOID SPILLS.  DO NOT WALK OR ROLL EQUIPMENT OVER SPILLS  CONTAINER TEMPERATURE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 52C (125 F)  CLOSE VALVE AFTER EACH USE AND WHEN EMPTY.  USE A BACK FLOW PREVENTATIVE DEVICE IN THE PIPING.  USE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)  

FIRST AID: IN CASE OF FROSTBITE OBTAIN MEDICAL TREATMENT IMMEDIATELY.

WARNING: FOR EMERGENCY USE ONLY WHEN ADMINISTERED BY PROPERLY TRAINED PERSONNEL FOR OXYGEN DEFICIENCY AND RESUSCITATION.  FOR ALL OTHER MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Rx ONLY.  UNINTERRUPTED USE OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF OXYGEN OVER A LONG DURATION WITHOUT MONITORING ITS EFFECT ON OXYGEN CONTENT OF ARTERIAL BLOOD MAY BE HARMFUL.  USE ONLY WITH PRESSURE REDUCING EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS DESIGNED FOR OXYGEN.  DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE ON PATIENTS WHO HAVE STOPPED BREATHING, UNLESS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT.  PRODUCED BY AIR LIQUEFACTION.  DO NOT REMOVE THIS PRODUCT LABEL.

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OXYGEN Gas [Gilmore Liquid Air Company]

ZENIQUIN (Marbofloxacin) Tablet [Zoetis Inc.]

Marbofloxacin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration to fasted animals. Divalent cations are generally known to diminish the absorption of fluoroquinolones. The effects of concomitant feeding on the absorption of marbofloxacin have not been determined. (See Drug Interactions.) In the dog, approximately 40% of an oral dose of marbofloxacin is excreted unchanged in the urine1. Excretion in the feces, also as unchanged drug, is the other major route of elimination in dogs. Ten to 15% of marbofloxacin is metabolized by the liver in dogs.

In vitro plasma protein binding of marbofloxacin in dogs was 9.1% and in cats was 7.3%. In the cat, approximately 70% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine as marbofloxacin and metabolites with approximately 85% of the excreted material as unchanged drug. Pharmacokinetic parameters related to intravenous dosing were estimated in a study of 6 healthy adult beagle dogs, and are summarized in Table 1. The absolute bioavailability following dosing of oral tablets to the same animals was 94%.

Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined over time in healthy adult beagle dogs (6 dogs per dosage group) following single oral doses of 1.25 mg/lb or 2.5 mg/lb. Absorption of orally administered marbofloxacin increases proportionally over the dose range of 1.25 to 2.5 mg/lb. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined over time in 7 healthy adult male cats following a single oral dose of 2.5 mg/lb. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters following oral dosing of dogs and cats are summarized in Figures 2 and 3 and in Table 2. Based on the terminal elimination half-life and the dosing interval, steady-state levels are reached after the third dose and are expected to be approximately 25% greater in dogs and 35% greater in cats than those achieved after a single dose. Marbofloxacin is widely distributed in canine tissues. Tissue concentrations of marbofloxacin were determined in healthy male beagle dogs (4 dogs per time period) at 2, 18 and 24 hours after a single oral dose (1.25 or 2.5 mg/lb) and are summarized in Tables 3a and 3b.

Table 1: Mean pharmacokinetic parameters following intravenous administration of marbofloxacin to 6 adult beagle dogs at a dosage of 2.5 mg/lb.

* SD = standard deviation

Table 2: Mean pharmacokinetic parameters following oral administration of marbofloxacin tablets to adult beagle dogs at a nominal dosage of 1.25 mg/lb or
2.5 mg/lb and to cats at 2.5 mg/lb.†

† mean actual dosages administered to dogs were 1.22 mg/lb and 2.56 mg/lb, respectively, and the mean
actual dosage administered to cats was 2.82 mg/lb.
* SD = standard deviation

Figure 2: Mean plasma concentrations (µg/mL) following single oral administration of marbofloxacin to adult beagle dogs at dosages of 1.25 mg/lb or 2.5 mg/lb.

* See Table 4 in Microbiology section for MIC data.

Figure 3: Mean plasma concentrations (µg/mL) following single oral administration of marbofloxacin to adult cats at a dosage of 2.5 mg/lb.

* See Table 5 in Microbiology section for MIC data.

Table 3a: Tissue distribution following a single oral administration of marbofloxacin tablets to adult beagle dogs at a dosage of 1.25 mg/lb*.

* SD = standard deviation

Table 3b: Tissue distribution following a single oral administration of marbofloxacin tablets to adult beagle dogs at a dosage of 2.5 mg/lb.

* SD = standard deviation

Microbiology

The primary action of fluoroquinolones is to inhibit the bacterial enzyme, DNA gyrase. In susceptible organisms, fluoroquinolones are rapidly bactericidal at relatively low concentrations. Marbofloxacin is bactericidal against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of pathogens isolated in clinical field studies performed in the United States were determined using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standards, and are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

Table 4. MIC Values* (μg/mL) of marbofloxacin against pathogens isolated from skin, soft tissue and urinary tract infections in dogs enrolled in clinical studies conducted during 1994–1996.

* The correlation between in vitro susceptibility data (MIC) and clinical response has not been
determined.
** MIC50 and MIC90 not calculated due to insufficient number of isolates.

Table 5: MIC Values* (μg/mL) of marbofloxacin against pathogens isolated from
skin and soft tissue infections in cats enrolled in clinical studies conducted in 1995
and 1998.

* The correlation between in vitro susceptibility data (MIC) and clinical response has not been
determined.

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ZENIQUIN (Marbofloxacin) Tablet [Zoetis Inc.]

BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Cream, Augmented [E. Fougera Co. A Division Of Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

Betamethasone Dipropionate Cream USP (Augmented), 0.05% contains betamethasone dipropionate USP, a synthetic adrenocorticosteroid, for topical use in a white to off-white cream base. Betamethasone, an analog of prednisolone, has a high degree of corticosteroid activity and a slight degree of mineralocorticoid activity. Betamethasone dipropionate is the 17,21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone.

Chemically, betamethasone dipropionate is 9-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16β-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17,21-dipropionate, with the molecular formula C28H37FO7, a molecular weight of 504.6, and the following structural formula:

Betamethasone dipropionate is a white to creamy white, odorless crystalline powder, insoluble in water.

Each gram of Betamethasone Dipropionate Cream USP (Augmented), 0.05% contains: 0.643 mg betamethasone dipropionate, USP (equivalent to 0.5 mg betamethasone) in a white to off-white cream base of purified water, chlorocresol, white petrolatum, white wax (beeswax), cyclomethicone, sorbitol solution, glyceryl monooleate, propylene glycol, ceteareth-30, carbomer 980, and sodium hydroxide.

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BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Cream, Augmented [E. Fougera Co. A Division Of Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Tablet, Extended Release [AvKARE, Inc.]

Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep tightly closed (protect from moisture). Protect from light. Avoid excessive heat and humidity.

Mfg. Rev. 02/16

PATIENT INFORMATION ABOUT

Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets

 (met-FOR-min HYE-droe-KLOR-ide)

Q1. Why do I need to take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets?

Your doctor has prescribed metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets to treat your type 2 diabetes, a condition in which blood sugar (blood glucose) is elevated. There are two types of diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets are indicated for the most common type, known as type 2 diabetes.

Q2. Why is it important to control type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes has multiple possible complications, including blindness, kidney failure, and circulatory and heart problems. Lowering your blood sugar to a normal level may prevent or delay these complications.

Q3. How is type 2 diabetes usually controlled?

High blood sugar can be lowered by diet and exercise, by a number of oral medications and by insulin injections. Your doctor may recommend that you try lifestyle modifications such as improved diet and exercise before initiating drug treatment for type 2 diabetes. Each patient will be treated individually by his or her physician, and should follow all treatment recommendations.

Q4. Do metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets work differently from other glucose control medications?

Yes. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets, as well as other formulations of metformin, lowers the amount of sugar in your blood by controlling how much sugar is released by the liver. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets do not cause your body to produce more insulin. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets rarely causes hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and it does not usually cause weight gain when taken alone. However, if you do not eat enough, if you take other medications to lower blood sugar, or if you drink alcohol, you can develop hypoglycemia. Specifically, when metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets is taken together with a sulfonylurea or with insulin, hypoglycemia and weight gain are more likely to occur.

Q5. What happens if my blood sugar is still too high?

If your blood sugar is high, consult your physician. When blood sugar cannot be lowered enough by either metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets or a sulfonylurea, the two medications can be effective when taken together. Other alternatives involve switching to other oral antidiabetic drugs (e.g., alpha glucoside inhibitors or glitazones). Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets may be stopped and replaced with other drugs and/or insulin. If you are unable to maintain your blood sugar with diet, exercise and glucose-control medications taken orally, then your doctor may prescribe injectable insulin to control your diabetes.

Q6. Why should I take metformin hydrochloride extended-release release tablets in addition to insulin if I am already on insulin alone?

Adding metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets to insulin can help you better control your blood sugar while reducing the insulin dose and possibly reducing your weight.

Q7. Can metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets cause side effects?

Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets, like all blood sugar-lowering medications, can cause side effects in some patients. Most of these side effects are minor and will go away after you've taken metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets for a while. However, there are also serious but rare side effects related to metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets (see below).

Q8. What kind of side effects can metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets cause?

If side effects occur, they usually occur during the first few weeks of therapy. They are normally minor ones such as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and upset stomach. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets are generally taken with meals, which reduce these side effects.

Although these side effects are likely to go away, call your doctor if you have severe discomfort or if these effects last for more than a few weeks. Some patients may need to have their doses lowered or stop taking metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets, either temporarily or permanently. You should tell your doctor if the problems come back or start later on during the therapy.

WARNING: A rare number of people who have taken metformin have developed a serious condition called lactic acidosis. Properly functioning kidneys are needed to help prevent lactic acidosis. You should not take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets if you have impaired kidney function, as measured by a blood test (see Q9-13).

Q9. Are there any serious side effects that metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets can cause?

Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets rarely cause serious side effects. The most serious side effect that metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets can cause is called lactic acidosis.

Q10. What is lactic acidosis and can it happen to me?

Lactic acidosis is caused by a build-up of lactic acid in the blood. Lactic acidosis associated with metformin is rare and has occurred mostly in people whose kidneys were not working normally. Lactic acidosis has been reported in about one in 33,000 patients taking metformin over the course of a year. Although rare, if lactic acidosis does occur, it can be fatal in up to half the cases.

It is also important for your liver to be working normally when you take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets. Your liver helps to remove lactic acid from your bloodstream. Your doctor will monitor your diabetes and may perform blood tests on you from time to time to make sure your kidneys and your liver are functioning normally. There is no evidence that metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets causes harm to the kidneys or liver.

Q11. Are there other risk factors for lactic acidosis?

Your risk of developing lactic acidosis from taking metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets is very low as long as your kidneys and liver are healthy. However, some factors can increase your risk because they can affect kidney and liver function. You should discuss your risk with your physician. You should not take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets if:

• You have some forms of kidney or liver problems
• You have congestive heart failure which is treated with medications, e.g., digoxin (Lanoxin ®) or furosemide (Lasix ®)
• You drink alcohol excessively (all the time or short-term "binge" drinking)
• You are seriously dehydrated (have lost a large amount of body fluids)
• You are going to have, within a few days, certain x-ray tests with injectable contrast agents
• You are going to have surgery
• You develop a serious condition such as a heart attack, severe infection, or a stroke
• You are 80 years of age or older and have NOT had your kidney function tested

Q12. What are the symptoms of lactic acidosis?

Some of the symptoms include feeling very weak, tired or uncomfortable, unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, unusual or unexpected stomach discomfort, feeling cold, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, or suddenly developing a slow or irregular heartbeat. If you notice these symptoms, or if your medical condition has suddenly changed, stop taking metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets and call your doctor right away. Lactic acidosis is a medical emergency that must be treated in a hospital.

Q13. What does my doctor need to know to decrease my risk of lactic acidosis?

Tell your doctor if you have an illness that results in severe vomiting, diarrhea and/or fever, or if your intake of fluids is generally reduced. These situations can lead to severe dehydration, and it may be necessary to stop taking metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets temporarily. You should let your doctor know if you are going to have any surgery or specialized x-ray procedures that require injection of contrast agents. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets therapy will need to be stopped temporarily in such instances.

Q14. Can I take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets with other medications?

Remind your doctor and/or pharmacist that you are taking metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets when any new drug is prescribed or a change is made in how you take a drug already prescribed. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets may interfere with the way some drugs work and some drugs may interfere with the action of metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets.

Q15. What if I become pregnant while taking metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets?

Tell your doctor if you plan to become pregnant or have become pregnant. As with other oral glucose-control medications, you should not take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets during pregnancy. Usually your doctor will prescribe insulin while you are pregnant.

Q16. How do I take metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets?

Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets should not be cut, crushed, or chewed and should be taken whole with a full glass of water once daily with the evening meal. Occasionally, the inactive ingredients of metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets may be eliminated as a soft mass in your stool that may look like the original tablet; this is not harmful and will not effect the way metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets works to control diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets should be taken once a day with food. You will be started on a low dose of metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets and your dosage will be increased gradually until your blood sugar is controlled.

Q17. Where can I get more information about metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets?

This leaflet is a summary of the most important information about metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets. If you have any questions or problems, you should talk to your doctor or other healthcare provider about type 2 diabetes as well as metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets and its side effects.

Manufactured for:

Manufactured for:
AvKARE, Inc.
Pulaski, TN 38478

Mfg. Rev. 02/16
AV 01/17 (P) 

                                                  

           

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PENICILLIN G PROCAINE AND NOVOBIOCIN SODIUM

DRY COW FORMULA

Indicated for intramammary infusion in the treatment of subclinical mastitis caused by
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