Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets have been evaluated for safety in 930 patients including 100 patients treated for 50 weeks or more.
In clinical trials with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets no adverse experiences peculiar to this combination drug have been observed. Adverse experiences that have occurred have been limited to those that have been previously reported with lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide.
The most frequent clinical adverse experiences in controlled trials (including open label extensions) with any combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide were: dizziness (7.5%), headache (5.2%), cough (3.9%), fatigue (3.7%) and orthostatic effects (3.2%), all of which were more common than in placebo-treated patients. Generally, adverse experiences were mild and transient in nature, but see regarding angioedema and excessive hypotension or syncope. Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse effects was required in 4.4% of patients principally because of dizziness, cough, fatigue and muscle cramps. WARNINGS
Adverse experiences occurring in greater than one percent of patients treated with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in controlled clinical trials are shown below.
Clinical adverse experiences occurring in 0.3% to 1.0% of patients in controlled trials and rarer, serious, possibly drug-related events reported in marketing experience are listed below:
Chest pain, abdominal pain, syncope, chest discomfort, fever, trauma, virus infection. Body as a Whole:
Palpitation, orthostatic hypotension. Cardiovascular:
Gastrointestinal cramps, dry mouth, constipation, heartburn. Digestive:
Back pain, shoulder pain, knee pain, back strain, myalgia, foot pain. Musculoskeletal:
Decreased libido, vertigo, depression, somnolence. Nervous/Psychiatric:
Common cold, nasal congestion, influenza, bronchitis, pharyngeal pain, dyspnea, pulmonary congestion, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, pharyngeal discomfort. Respiratory:
Flushing, pruritus, skin inflammation, diaphoresis, cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Skin:
Blurred vision, tinnitus, otalgia. Special Senses:
Urinary tract infection. Urogenital:
Angioedema of the face, extremities, lips, tongue, glottis and/or larynx has been reported (See ). Angioedema: WARNINGS
In rare cases, intestinal angioedema has been reported in post-marketing experience.
In clinical trials, adverse effects relating to hypotension occurred as follows: hypotension (1.4%), orthostatic hypotension (0.5%), other orthostatic effects (3.2%). In addition syncope occurred in 0.8% of patients (See ). Hypotension: WARNINGS
See , Cough Cough: PRECAUTIONS.
Clinical Laboratory Test Findings
(See ). Serum Electrolytes: PRECAUTIONS
Minor reversible increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were observed in patients with essential hypertension treated with Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets. More marked increases have also been reported and were more likely to occur in patients with renal artery stenosis (See ). Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen: PRECAUTIONS
(See ). Serum Uric Acid, Glucose, Magnesium, Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Calcium: PRECAUTIONS
Small decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit (mean decreases of approximately 0.5 g% and 1.5 vol%, respectively) occurred frequently in hypertensive patients treated with Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets but were rarely of clinical importance unless another cause of anemia coexisted. In clinical trials, 0.4% of patients discontinued therapy due to anemia. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit:
Rarely, elevations of liver enzymes and/or serum bilirubin have occurred. (See , ). Liver Function Tests: WARNINGS Hepatic Failure
Other adverse reactions that have been reported with the individual components are listed below:
In clinical trials adverse reactions which occurred with lisinopril were also seen with Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets. In addition, and since lisinopril has been marketed, the following adverse reactions have been reported with lisinopril and should be considered potential adverse reactions for Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets: Lisinopril-
Anaphylactoid reactions (see , ), malaise, edema, facial edema, pain, pelvic pain, flank pain, chills; Body as a Whole:WARNINGSAnaphylactoid Reactions During Membrane Exposure
Cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident, possibly secondary to excessive hypotension in high risk patients (see , ), pulmonary embolism and infarction, worsening of heart failure, arrhythmias (including tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, and premature ventricular contractions), angina pectoris, transient ischemic attacks, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, decreased blood pressure, peripheral edema, vasculitis; Cardiovascular:WARNINGS Hypotension
Pancreatitis, hepatitis (hepatocellular or cholestatic jaundice) (see , ), gastritis, anorexia, flatulence, increased salivation; Digestive:WARNINGS Hepatic Failure
Diabetes mellitus, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; Endocrine:
Rare cases of bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia/neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia have been reported in which a causal relationship to lisinopril cannot be excluded; Hematologic:
Gout, weight loss, dehydration, fluid overload, weight gain; Metabolic:
Arthritis, arthralgia, neck pain, hip pain, joint pain, leg pain, arm pain, lumbago; Musculoskeletal:
Ataxia, memory impairment, tremor, insomnia, stroke, nervousness, confusion, peripheral neuropathy (e.g., paresthesia, dysesthesia), spasm, hypersomnia, irritability; mood alterations (including depressive symptoms); hallucinations; Nervous System/Psychiatric:
Malignant lung neoplasms, hemoptysis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary infiltrates, bronchospasm, asthma, pleural effusion, pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonitis, wheezing, orthopnea, painful respiration, epistaxis, laryngitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, rhinorrhea, chest sound abnormalities; Respiratory:
Urticaria, alopecia, herpes zoster, photosensitivity, skin lesions, skin infections, pemphigus, erythema, psoriasis, rare cases of other severe skin reactions, including toxic Skin:
epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (causal relationship has not been established);
Visual loss, diplopia, photophobia, taste alteration, olfactory disturbance; Special Senses:
Acute renal failure, oliguria, anuria, uremia, progressive azotemia, renal dysfunction (see and ), pyelonephritis, dysuria, breast pain. Urogenital: PRECAUTIONSDOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
A symptom complex has been reported which may include a positive ANA, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, arthralgia/arthritis, myalgia, fever, vasculitis, eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Rash, photosensitivity or other dermatological manifestations may occur alone or in combination with these symptoms. Miscellaneous:
Hydrochlorothiazide
Weakness; Anorexia, gastric irritation, cramping, jaundice (intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice) See , ), pancreatitis, sialoadenitis, constipation; Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia; Muscle spasm; Restlessness; Renal failure, renal dysfunction, interstitial nephritis (see ); Erythema multiforme including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis including toxic epidermal necrolysis, alopecia; Xanthopsia; Purpura, photosensitivity, urticaria, necrotizing angiitis (vasculitis and cutaneous vasculitis), respiratory distress including pneumonitis and pulmonary edema, anaphylactic reactions. Body as a Whole:Digestive:WARNINGS Hepatic FailureHematologic:Musculoskeletal:Nervous System/Psychiatric:Renal:WARNINGSSkin:Special Senses:Hypersensitivity:
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-Ward PharmaceuticalsCorp. at 1-877-233-2001, orFDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
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