The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in another section of the label:
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data described in the Warnings and Precautions section reflect exposure to MEKINIST administered as a single agent in 329 patients with various solid tumors and exposure to MEKINIST administered with dabrafenib in 559 patients with melanoma and 93 patients with NSCLC. MEKINIST as a single agent was evaluated in 329 patients including 107 (33%) exposed for greater than or equal to 6 months and 30 (9%) exposed for greater than or equal to one year. MEKINIST as a single agent was studied in open-label, single-arm trials (N = 118) and in an open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial (N = 211; the METRIC study). The median age was 54 years, 60% were male, >99% were White, and all patients had metastatic melanoma. All patients received 2 mg once-daily doses of MEKINIST.
Unresectable or Metastatic BRAF V600E Mutation Positive Melanoma
MEKINIST Administered as a Single Agent
Table 3 presents adverse reactions identified from analyses of the METRIC study, a randomized, open-label trial of patients with BRAF V600E or V600K mutation-positive melanoma receiving MEKINIST (N = 211) 2 mg orally once daily or chemotherapy (N = 99) (either dacarbazine 1,000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks or paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Patients with abnormal LVEF, history of acute coronary syndrome within 6 months, or current evidence of Class II or greater congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association) were excluded. The median duration of treatment with MEKINIST was 4.3 months. In this study, 9% of patients receiving MEKINIST experienced adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of trial medication. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of MEKINIST were decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pneumonitis, renal failure, diarrhea, and rash. Adverse reactions led to dose reductions in 27% of patients treated with MEKINIST. Rash and decreased LVEF were the most common reasons cited for dose reductions of MEKINIST.
a National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0.
b Grade 4 adverse reactions limited to rash (n = 1) in trametinib arm and diarrhea (n = 1) in chemotherapy arm.
c Includes stomatitis, aphthous stomatitis, mouth ulceration, and mucosal inflammation.
d Includes abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, and abdominal tenderness.
e Includes lymphedema, edema, and peripheral edema.
f Includes epistaxis, gingival bleeding, hematochezia, rectal hemorrhage, melena, vaginal hemorrhage, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, hematuria, and conjunctival hemorrhage.
Other clinically important adverse reactions observed in less than or equal to 10% of patients (N = 329) treated with MEKINIST were:
Cardiac Disorders: Bradycardia
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Dry mouth
Infections and Infestations: Folliculitis, rash pustular, cellulitis
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rhabdomyolysis
Nervous System Disorders: Dizziness, dysgeusia
Ocular Disorders: Blurred vision, dry eye
a No Grade 4 events were reported in either treatment arm.
MEKINIST Administered with Dabrafenib
The safety of MEKINIST, administered with dabrafenib, was evaluated in 559 patients with previously untreated, unresectable or metastatic, BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma who received MEKINIST in two trials, the COMBI-d study (n = 209), a multicenter, double-blind, randomized (1:1), active-controlled trial and the COMBI-v study (n = 350), a multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), active-controlled trial. In both trials, patients received MEKINIST 2 mg orally once daily and dabrafenib 150 mg orally twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The trials excluded patients with abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction, history of acute coronary syndrome within 6 months, history of Class II or greater congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association), history of RVO or RPED, QTcB interval ≥480 msec, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled arrhythmias, active brain metastases, or known history of G6PD deficiency.
Among these 559 patients, 197 (35%) were exposed to MEKINIST for >6 months to 12 months while 185 (33%) were exposed to MEKINIST for >1 year. The median age was 55 years (range: 18 to 91), 57% were male, and 98% were White, 72% had baseline ECOG performance status 0 and 28% had ECOG performance status 1, 64% had M1c stage disease, 35% had elevated LDH at baseline, and 0.5% had a history of brain metastases.
The most commonly occurring adverse reactions (≥20%) for MEKINIST in patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib were: pyrexia, nausea, rash, chills, diarrhea, vomiting, hypertension, and peripheral edema.
The demographics and baseline tumor characteristics of patients enrolled in the COMBI-d study are summarized in Clinical Studies [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib had a median duration of exposure of 11 months (range: 3 days to 30 months) to MEKINIST. Among the 209 patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib, 26% were exposed to MEKINIST for >6 months to 12 months while 46% were exposed to MEKINIST for >1 year.
In the COMBI-d study, adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of MEKINIST occurred in 11% of patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib; the most common were pyrexia (1.4%) and decreased ejection fraction (1.4%). Adverse reactions leading to dose reductions of MEKINIST occurred in 18% of patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib; the most common were pyrexia (2.9%), neutropenia (1.9%), decreased ejection fraction (1.9%), and rash (1.9%). Adverse reactions leading to dose interruptions of MEKINIST occurred in 46% of patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib; the most common were pyrexia (18%), chills (7%), vomiting (6%) and decreased ejection fraction (4.8%).
Table 5 and Table 6 present selected adverse drug reactions and laboratory abnormalities, respectively, of MEKINIST observed in the COMBI-d study.
* ≥5% for All Grades or ≥2% for Grades 3–4 incidence in patients receiving MEKINIST with dabrafenib compared with patients receiving dabrafenib as a single agent
a National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0.
b Includes peripheral edema, edema, lymphedema, localized edema, and generalized edema.
c Includes abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort.
d Most common events (≥1%) include epistaxis, hematochezia, decreased hemoglobin, purpura, and rectal hemorrhage. Grade 4 events were limited to hepatic hematoma and duodenal ulcer hemorrhage (each n = 1 in the pooled combination arm).
e Includes rash, generalized rash, pruritic rash, erythematous rash, papular rash, vesicular rash, macular rash, maculo-papular, and folliculitis rash.
Other clinically important adverse reactions for MEKINIST observed in less than 10% of patients receiving MEKINIST in combination with dabrafenib (N = 559) were:
Cardiac Disorders: Bradycardia
Musculoskeletal Disorders: Rhabdomyolysis
* ≥5% for All Grades or ≥2% for Grades 3–4 incidence in patients receiving MEKINIST with dabrafenib compared with patients receiving dabrafenib as a single agent
AST = Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = Alanine aminotransferase.
a For these laboratory tests the denominator is 556.
b For these laboratory tests the denominator is 208 for the combination arm, 207-209 for the dabrafenib arm.
c Grade 4 adverse reactions limited to lymphopenia and hyperglycemia (each n = 4), increased ALT and increased AST (each n = 3), neutropenia (n = 2), and hyponatremia (n = 1), in the pooled combination arm; neutropenia, lymphopenia, increased ALT, increased AST, hyperglycemia (each n = 1) in the COMBI-d study combination arm; neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increased ALT, and increased AST (each n = 1) in the dabrafenib arm.
Metastatic, BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive NSCLC
The safety of MEKINIST when administered with dabrafenib was evaluated in 93 patients with previously untreated (n = 36) and previously treated (n = 57) metastatic BRAF V600E mutation-positive NSCLC in a multicenter, multi-cohort, non-randomized, open-label trial (Study BRF113928). Patients received MEKINIST 2 mg orally once daily and dabrafenib 150 mg orally twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The trial excluded patients with abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction, history of acute coronary syndrome within 6 months, history of Class II or greater congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association), QTc interval ≥480 msec, treatment refractory hypertension, uncontrolled arrhythmias, active brain metastases, history of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis, or history or current retinal vein occlusion [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Among these 93 patients, 53 (57%) were exposed to MEKINIST and dabrafenib for >6 months and 27 (29%) were exposed to MEKINIST and dabrafenib for ≥1 year. The median age was 65 years (range: 41 to 91), 46% were male, 85% were White; 32% had baseline ECOG performance status 0 and 61% had ECOG performance status 1; 98% had non-squamous histology; and 12% were current smokers, 60% were former smokers, and 28% had never smoked.
The most commonly occurring adverse reactions (≥20%) in these 93 patients were: pyrexia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry skin, decreased appetite, edema, rash, chills, hemorrhage, cough, and dyspnea.
Adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of MEKINIST occurred in 19% of patients; the most common were pyrexia (2.2%), ejection fraction decreased (2.2%), and respiratory distress (2.2%). Adverse reactions leading to dose reductions of MEKINIST occurred in 30% of patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib; the most common were pyrexia (5%), nausea (4.3%), vomiting (4.3%), diarrhea (3.2%), and neutropenia (3.2%). Adverse reactions leading to dose interruptions of MEKINIST occurred in 57% of patients receiving MEKINIST plus dabrafenib; the most common were pyrexia (16%), vomiting (10%), neutropenia (8%), nausea (5%), and ejection fraction decreased (5%).
Table 7 and Table 8 present adverse drug reactions and laboratory abnormalities, respectively, of MEKINIST in Study BRF113928.
a NCI CTCAE version 4.0.
b Includes fatigue, malaise, and asthenia.
c Includes peripheral edema, edema, and generalized edema.
d Includes rash, rash generalized, rash papular, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, and rash pustular.
e Includes hemoptysis, hematoma, epistaxis, purpura, hematuria, subarachnoid hemorrhage, gastric hemorrhage, urinary bladder hemorrhage, contusion, hematochezia, injection site hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, and retroperitoneal hemorrhage.
a For these laboratory tests the denominator is 91.
b For these laboratory tests the denominator is 90.
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